Sj\u00f3nt\u00e6kjafr\u00e6\u00f0ingar eru einnig me\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u e\u00f0a doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed sj\u00f3nfr\u00e6\u00f0i (\u00ed Bretlandi er doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u vottun fyrir vi\u00f0urkennda sj\u00f3nt\u00e6kjafr\u00e6\u00f0inga me\u00f0 reynslu \u00ed starfi). En ekki, Debrett's heldur \u00e1fram a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 tannl\u00e6knar s\u00e9u almennt me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0ir sem l\u00e6knar og \u00fev\u00ed er n\u00fdjasta hugtaki\u00f0 \u201el\u00e6knir\u201c a\u00f0eins gagnlegt fyrir tannl\u00e6kna me\u00f0 mikla doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u. \u00c1 sama h\u00e1tt og fyrir l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega MBBS, eru tannl\u00e6knar taldir hafa g\u00f3\u00f0an BS-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed tannl\u00e6knafr\u00e6\u00f0i (BDS) og d\u00fdral\u00e6knar me\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0an BS-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed d\u00fdral\u00e6knafr\u00e6\u00f0i (BVSc), BS-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed d\u00fdral\u00e6knafr\u00e6\u00f0i (BVetMed) e\u00f0a BS-gr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed d\u00fdral\u00e6knafr\u00e6\u00f0i og starfsgreinum (BVMS). \u00c1ri\u00f0 2005 hvatti \u00fe\u00e1verandi forseti Konunglega h\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed skur\u00f0l\u00e6kningum l\u00e6kna til a\u00f0 nota hugtaki\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir Dr. og sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 notkun \u00e1 Mr. e\u00f0a Skip v\u00e6ri fl\u00f3kin fyrir vi\u00f0skiptavini. Fyrirsagnir g\u00f3\u00f0rar & C Black lita\u00f0rar og \u00fe\u00fa g\u00e6tir Tegundir Heimilisfangs eru fr\u00e1brug\u00f0nar Debrett um hvernig eigi a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a umsl\u00f6g til l\u00e6kna, og sleppir n\u00fdjasta fornafninu Dr (elizabeth.grams. John Smith, Esq, MD; John Smith, MD; John Smith, MB) en \u00ed Skotlandi og hef\u00f0bundnum l\u00e6knum, \u00fear sem eftirnafn er til skiptis alltaf sleppt (t.d. Dr. John Smith).<\/p>\n

\n
• Tannl\u00e6knar hafa hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 (eins og tannl\u00e6knar) veri\u00f0 litnir \u00e1 \u00e1 sama h\u00e1tt og skur\u00f0l\u00e6knar, en \u00fear sem Tannl\u00e6knar\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 fr\u00e1 1995 heimila\u00f0i tannl\u00e6knum a\u00f0 nota nafni\u00f0 \u201el\u00e6knir\u201c, hvort sem sumir vilja \u00fea\u00f0 ekki e\u00f0a ekki, og \u00fear me\u00f0 er or\u00f0spor l\u00e6knisins undirstrika\u00f0.<\/li>\n
• Hann er veittur af h\u00e1sk\u00f3lanum af h\u00e1lfu hins n\u00fdja konungs, og pr\u00f3fsk\u00edrteini \u00feess f\u00e6r \u00fer\u00fdsting fr\u00e1 opinberu skjali.<\/li>\n
• Til a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00fearf a\u00f0 hafa n\u00fdjustu \u00feekkingu a\u00f0 loknu n\u00e1mi, skrifa fram\u00farskarandi lokaritger\u00f0, jafnvel fram\u00farskarandi lokaritger\u00f0 eftir b\u00f3k, og vernda n\u00fdja lokaritger\u00f0 opinberlega.<\/li>\n
• A\u00f0 hafa g\u00f3\u00f0a doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u hefur veri\u00f0 grunnkrafa fyrir h\u00e1sk\u00f3lasamf\u00e9lag.<\/li>\n
• Til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn me\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 r\u00edkjum utan ESB \u00fearf n\u00fdjasta vottor\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera formlega sam\u00feykkt (\u201esta\u00f0fest\u201c) fr\u00e1 menntam\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu \u00ed Bonn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

  \u00dea\u00f0 er algengur si\u00f0ur hj\u00e1 giftum konum \u00ed v\u00edsindagreinum a\u00f0 nota hugtaki\u00f0 \u201eDr. (fr\u00fa)\u201c b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed faglegum og samf\u00e9lagslegum skilningi. \u00c1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld ur\u00f0u doktorar s\u00edfellt vins\u00e6lli \u00ed Bretlandi, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 til a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last menntun \u00feurfti a\u00f0 fara til meginlands Evr\u00f3pu e\u00f0a (fr\u00e1 1861) til Bandar\u00edkjanna, \u00fear sem pr\u00f3fgr\u00e1\u00f0an var ekki veitt \u00ed Bretlandi fyrr en \u00e1ri\u00f0 1917. Fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma nota doktorsnemar, sem ekki eru hei\u00f0ursdoktorar, ekki hugtaki\u00f0 \u201eDr.\u201c \u00ed almennum samskiptum, jafnvel \u00ed vi\u00f0urkenndum samskiptum h\u00e1sk\u00f3lans sem veitir n\u00fdjustu hei\u00f0ursgr\u00e1\u00f0u er algengt a\u00f0 kalla n\u00fdja doktorsnema nafni\u00f0. \u00d3formlega er hugtaki\u00f0, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed fullri og styttri mynd (vi\u00f0 .\u00f6ld. \u201edr.\u201c), nota\u00f0 hei\u00f0urslega til a\u00f0 kalla l\u00e6kna, jafnvel \u00ed vi\u00f0urkenndum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um eins og \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum, en ekki fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega er \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0eins \u00e6tla\u00f0 n\u00fdjustu eigendum \u00e1 akadem\u00edsku stigi. Sannleikurinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafa einnig veri\u00f0 \u00farskur\u00f0ir \u00ed augl\u00fdsingu um a\u00f0 f\u00e1 beinl\u00e6kni og \u00fev\u00ed v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00fe\u00edn sem l\u00e6knir er \u00ed raun villandi, en \u00feetta er augl\u00fdsing sem notar n\u00fdja nafni\u00f0 \u201eDr\u201c og eftirnafni\u00f0 \u201ePhD\u201c sem doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u fr\u00e1 \u00f3vi\u00f0urkenndum h\u00e1sk\u00f3la. Tannl\u00e6knar hafa hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 (og tannl\u00e6knar) veri\u00f0 kalla\u00f0ir l\u00e6knar, en fr\u00e1 1995 hefur Almennt tannl\u00e6knar\u00e1\u00f0 leyft tannl\u00e6knum a\u00f0 nota heiti\u00f0 \u201el\u00e6knir\u201c, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 sumir vilji ekki gera \u00fea\u00f0, og \u00fear me\u00f0 leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0u l\u00e6knisins.<\/p>\n

  Goldbet innskr\u00e1ningarskr\u00e1ning | Strax eftir a\u00f0 fram\u00farskarandi doktorspr\u00f3f hefur n\u00e1\u00f0 n\u00fdju doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0unni eru n\u00fdjar doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur marka\u00f0ssettar til a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa \u00fe\u00e9r l\u00e6kni, ekki lengri ey\u00f0ileggingu \u00e1 n\u00fdjustu skammst\u00f6funinni fyrir dr<\/h2>\n

  Ruglingur getur stafa\u00f0 af upprunalegu hollensku lestrarheitinu "drs." (fyrir l\u00e1gt\u00e6kni og \u00f6nnur fr\u00e6\u00f0istig). \u00dea\u00f0 er ruglingslegt me\u00f0 l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingana vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00fdja menntunin til a\u00f0 starfa sem l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur var n\u00fdja LLD-menntunin \u00fear til umb\u00e6turnar voru ger\u00f0ar \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014 og hefur veri\u00f0 k\u00f6llu\u00f0 "s\u00f6guleg farangur" af deildarforseta lagah\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00e1 M\u00f6ltu.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

  \u00de\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed Blue-cross og Bluish Protect (BCBS) geta leita\u00f0 til heilbrig\u00f0isstarfsf\u00f3lks, l\u00e6knastofnana og tannl\u00e6kna.<\/p>\n

  Hong Kong kemur \u00e1 eftir breskri venju \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 l\u00e6kna \u201el\u00e6kni\u201c \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir hafi a\u00f0eins gr\u00e1\u00f0una Bachelor of Medicine og Bachelor of Operations (MBBS e\u00f0a MBChB). N\u00fdja skammst\u00f6funin Drs. v\u00edsar einnig til doctorandus, g\u00f3\u00f0s hollensks fr\u00e6\u00f0iheitis sem kom \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir heiti\u00f0 \u201ehundaeigandi\u201c fyrir heiti\u00f0 \u201ehundaeigandi\u201c. \u00cd st\u00f3rum hluta n\u00fdjasta uppl\u00fdsingaheimsins v\u00edsar or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201el\u00e6knir\u201c til einhvers sem hefur loki\u00f0 doktorsn\u00e1mi (h\u00e1u gr\u00e1\u00f0u) fr\u00e1 h\u00e1sk\u00f3la. Allir \u00feeir sem hafa loki\u00f0 doktorsn\u00e1mi h\u00e9ldu \u00e1fram a\u00f0 nota n\u00fdja heiti\u00f0 fagmannlega og f\u00e9lagslega. N\u00fdja heiti\u00f0 er einnig gagnlegt fyrir l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0inga \u00ed Su\u00f0ur-Amer\u00edku, \u00fear sem \u00feeir hafa yfirleitt loki\u00f0 doktorsn\u00e1mi, \u00e1samt fyrrum port\u00fag\u00f6lsku h\u00e9ru\u00f0unum utan Goa \u00e1 Indlandi og Maka\u00f3 \u00ed As\u00edu.<\/p>\n

  \u00c1\u00f0ur en opinbera doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0an kom til s\u00f6gunnar kom n\u00fdja n\u00fat\u00edma doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0an (PhD) fram \u00ed Leipzig sem g\u00f3\u00f0ur arftaka fyrir menntun meistarans \u00e1ri\u00f0 1652 (Dr.<\/h2>\n

  Handhafar \u201eLaurea\u201c f\u00e1 n\u00fdja titilinn doc (dottore\/dottoressa), handhafar \u201elaurea magistrale\u201c f\u00e1 n\u00fdja titilinn magistral doctor (dottore magistrale\/dottoressa magistrale) og handhafar doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u eru kalla\u00f0ir leitarl\u00e6knar (dottore di ricerca\/dottoressa di ricerca). Af s\u00f6gulegum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um er n\u00fdja titilinn l\u00e6knir veittur \u00f6llum h\u00e1sk\u00f3lanemum. Fyrsti h\u00e1sk\u00f3linn \u00ed vestr\u00e6nu samf\u00e9lagi, n\u00fdi h\u00e1sk\u00f3linn \u00ed Bologna, er sta\u00f0settur \u00e1 \u00cdtal\u00edu, \u00fear sem fram til s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ra var eina \u00feekkingin veitt me\u00f0 n\u00fdju doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0unni, og flestir a\u00f0rir \u00edtalskir h\u00e1sk\u00f3lar notu\u00f0u \u00feig til a\u00f0 hanna hana. \u00dea\u00f0 er fr\u00e1brug\u00f0i\u00f0 Arzt \u00fear sem fram\u00farskarandi doktorsn\u00e1m er ekki nau\u00f0synlegt fyrir l\u00e6kna, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 algeng notkun hugtaksins Doktor fyrir l\u00e6kni s\u00e9 og venjulegt f\u00f3lk haldi oft ranglega a\u00f0 a\u00f0eins Doktors f\u00e1i f\u00edkniefni. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur er notkun fyrirsagna innan finnska samtakanna undarleg og \u00fe\u00fa g\u00e6tir a\u00f0eins nota\u00f0 hana \u00ed mj\u00f6g formlegum samhengjum.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

  habil). \u00deessi tegund doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0a hefur yfirleitt veri\u00f0 k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201eheimspeki\u201c (nota\u00f0 sem almennt heiti yfir fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega menntun, ekki fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega refsingu tr\u00faar), en er n\u00fa flokku\u00f0 sem hugv\u00edsindi og v\u00edsindi, samsvarandi. \u00cd gegnum \u00e1rin hefur doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0an \u00ed gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sjaldg\u00e6fari, en n\u00e1m \u00ed l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i og l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i er \u00fatbreiddara. Elsta doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0an – \u00ed gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, l\u00f6gum og l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i – endurspegla\u00f0i s\u00f6gulega sundrun h\u00e1sk\u00f3lan\u00e1ms \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00feremur svi\u00f0um. N\u00fdjustu uppruni nafnsins doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u m\u00e1 rekja til frumkirkjunnar, \u00feegar heiti\u00f0 \u201edoktor\u201c nefndi n\u00fdju postulana, kapellufa\u00f0ir og a\u00f0ra kristna yfirv\u00f6ld sem kenndu og t\u00falku\u00f0u n\u00fdju Bibl\u00eduna. \u00dea\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 sem heiti yfir einhvern sem hefur loki\u00f0 fram\u00farskarandi doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u (oft doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u).<\/p>\n

  N\u00fdja nafni\u00f0 CSc ums\u00e6kjandi \u00ed v\u00edsindum er t\u00e6knilegt au\u00f0kenni innan gamla n\u00e1mskerfisins sem n\u00fa er nota\u00f0 sem samb\u00e6rilegt vi\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u. \u00dea\u00f0 var stofna\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012 og s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fatv\u00edkka\u00f0 til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 yfir doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur sem veittar eru \u00e1 N\u00fdja-Sj\u00e1landi. Til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 kennara me\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur utan l\u00e1g-Evr\u00f3pu h\u00e1sk\u00f3lans ver\u00f0ur n\u00fdja gr\u00e1\u00f0an a\u00f0 vera opinberlega vi\u00f0urkennd ("sta\u00f0fest") af alr\u00edkismenntam\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu \u00ed Bonn. Eigendur utan doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u eru r\u00e9ttilega kalla\u00f0ir "Herr\/Frau Dr. _____" \u00ed flestum samf\u00e9lagslegum \u00fe\u00e1ttum. \u00cd \u00de\u00fdskalandi eru vins\u00e6lustu doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0urnar Dr. med. (l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i), Dr. med. illkynja. \u00cd \u00fe\u00fdskum l\u00f6ndum l\u00fdsir or\u00f0i\u00f0 Doktor doktorsnema \u00e1 opinberu tungum\u00e1li (\u00fea\u00f0 sama og PhD).<\/p>\n

  \u00deessir titlar eru a\u00f0allega veittir ver\u00f0ugum klerkum vegna mikils starfa \u00feeirra e\u00f0a annarrar frammist\u00f6\u00f0u \u00ed taugav\u00edsindalegri tr\u00fa og bibl\u00edulegri menntun. Greinin hefur s\u00ed\u00f0ar veri\u00f0 endursko\u00f0u\u00f0 til a\u00f0 taka fram notkun l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0inga \u00e1 n\u00fdjustu pers\u00f3nunni \u201ereyna g\u00f3\u00f0a (me\u00f0 \u00f3lund) vi\u00f0urkennda venju \u00ed sumum r\u00edkjum en ekki \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum\u201c, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 teki\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri a\u00f0eins sett fram sem \u201e\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa ert l\u00edka \u00feinn eigin l\u00e6knir e\u00f0a doktorsnemi – og \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0lar \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00f6ngum fj\u00f6lda kerfa\u201c. Til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingar (\u00feekkt sem \u201evenjulegar \u00e1varpsa\u00f0fer\u00f0ir sem eru undir \u00e1hrifum samf\u00e9lagslegra og vi\u00f0urkenndra si\u00f0a\u201c) notar NASA \u201eDr. (nafn)\u201c \u00ed uppl\u00fdsingunum fyrir doktorshafa en fyrir l\u00e6kna sem \u00feeir kalla \u201e(fullt nafn), MD\u201c, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir s\u00e9u b\u00e1\u00f0ir kalla\u00f0ir \u201eDr. (eftirnafn)\u201c \u00ed kve\u00f0junni (sem er kalla\u00f0 \u201e\u00f3formlegt\u201c).<\/p>\n

  Innan Kar\u00edbahafs-enskunnar er algengt a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201eDr. the fresh Honourable\u201c um stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamenn me\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u. \u00deessi tegund or\u00f0a v\u00edsar til n\u00fdrra, gamalla eiginleika sem ekki tengjast gu\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i, l\u00f6gum og l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i, og b\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 t\u00f3nlist, sem var \u00ed raun eina doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0urnar fram a\u00f0 19. \u00f6ld. \u00deess vegna er hugtaki\u00f0 \u201efresh\u201c nota\u00f0 af m\u00f6rgum \u00edb\u00faum \u00e1 \u00feessum sv\u00e6\u00f0um, svo sem l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum sem f\u00e1 ekki venjulega n\u00fdja nafnb\u00f3t annars sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

  Hj\u00fakrunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar eru l\u00fdstar sem \u201ehj\u00fakrunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur\u201c, enfermeiro (karl) e\u00f0a enfermeira (kvenkyns), n\u00fdjustu heitin eru Enf. \u00cd Port\u00fagal, \u00e1 okkar t\u00edmum eftir a\u00f0 hafa loki\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ri grunnn\u00e1mi \u2013 nema \u00ed byggingarlist og t\u00e6kni \u2013 eru karlar kalla\u00f0ir doutor (Dr.) \u2013 karlar e\u00f0a doutora (Dra.) \u2013 konur. Hollenskir \u200b\u200buppl\u00fdsingatitlar og stig eru l\u00f6glega \u00f6ruggir, svo fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 2021 eru hef\u00f0bundnu \u201edr.\u201c og \u201ePhD\u201c l\u00f6glega eins og \u00feau eru notu\u00f0 til skiptis. \u00cd frj\u00e1lsu starfi eru n\u00fdjustu angelsaxnesku titlarnir (aldur.gramm. PhD) oft nota\u00f0ir. \u00deeir geta ekki veri\u00f0 skr\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00ed skr\u00e1r (aldur.gramm. vegabr\u00e9f, \u00f6kusk\u00edrteini), \u00fev\u00ed \u00feeir eru sjaldan nota\u00f0ir \u00ed daglegu starfi. A\u00f0 hafa g\u00f3\u00f0a doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u er einf\u00f6ld forsenda fyrir g\u00f3\u00f0ri h\u00e1sk\u00f3lagr\u00e1\u00f0u.<\/p>\n

  \u00deannig a\u00f0 venjan er enn vins\u00e6l og \u00fe\u00fa getur \u00fatskrifast eftir a\u00f0 hafa vali\u00f0 gr\u00e1\u00f0u og breytt pers\u00f3nulegum skj\u00f6lum s\u00ednum til a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a n\u00fdjustu afrekin \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptalegum tilgangi. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2008 st\u00e6kka\u00f0i n\u00fdja or\u00f0sporsr\u00e1\u00f0herranna fr\u00e1 menntun og f\u00e9lagslegum atri\u00f0um sambandsr\u00edkjanna \u00ed \u00de\u00fdskalandi valm\u00f6guleikann fr\u00e1 2001 til a\u00f0 finna doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 Evr\u00f3pusambandinu til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a fyrir doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur sem veittar voru \u00ed \u00c1stral\u00edu, \u00cdsrael, Japan, Kanada og m\u00f6rgum vestr\u00e6num h\u00e1sk\u00f3lum. Allir sem hafa doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u fr\u00e1 virtum Evr\u00f3pusambandsr\u00edki reyna, \u00e1ri\u00f0 2001, a\u00f0 nota \u201eDoctowise\u201c e\u00f0a \u201eDr.\u201c \u00ed l\u00f6ggiltum, l\u00f6glegum og \u00fe\u00fa getur skrifa\u00f0 skilabo\u00f0 \u00e1n frekari vi\u00f0auka. Samt\u00edmis er n\u00fdja kennslu\u00feekkingin Doktor (ISCED 7) veitt l\u00e6knum (Dr. med. univ.) og tannl\u00e6knum (Dr. med. dent.), sem \u00e1ri\u00f0 2002 f\u00e1 ekki doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u (ISCED 8) heldur eru me\u00f0 sex \u00e1ra gr\u00e1\u00f0u (360 ECTS) n\u00e1m, eins og bandar\u00edskur l\u00e6knir e\u00f0a DDS.<\/p>\n

  \u00deessi skammst\u00f6fun \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir n\u00fdja hollenska hugtaki\u00f0 doctorandus, lat\u00ednu fyrir \u201emanninn sem \u00e1 a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a l\u00e6knir\u201c (konur mynda \u201edoctoranda\u201c). \u00c1 M\u00f6ltu er n\u00fdjasta hugtaki\u00f0, fyrir utan Doc, nota\u00f0 um fr\u00e6\u00f0il\u00e6kna (sem eru me\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0ur), l\u00e6kna\u00fej\u00e1lfara, tannl\u00e6kna og l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0inga. P\u00f6runarsv\u00e6\u00f0i fylgja 5-6 \u00e1ra kerfinu (eins og l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00f6nnur me\u00f0fer\u00f0ir) en \u00feau eru k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201elaurea magistrale a ciclo unico\u201c og eru innbygg\u00f0 menntun n\u00e1msmannsins. \u00deessu fylgir tv\u00ed\u00e6ringurinn \u201elaurea magistrale\u201c (n\u00e1nast \u201ed\u00f3mst\u00f3lamenntun\u201c, jafngildir menntun konungs). \u00c1 20. \u00f6ldinni bu\u00f0u \u00edtalskir h\u00e1sk\u00f3lar upp \u00e1 fl\u00f3knari ranns\u00f3knarstig, eins og doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u. N\u00fdja hugtaki\u00f0 doc er nota\u00f0 um handhafa doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u og l\u00e6kna\u00fej\u00e1lfara (e\u00f0a l\u00e6kna), tannl\u00e6kna og d\u00fdral\u00e6kna.<\/p>\n

  N\u00fdja nafni\u00f0 \u201el\u00e6knir\u201c er einnig h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota \u00ed Brasil\u00edu til a\u00f0 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla l\u00e6kna og l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0inga samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edmum. Til d\u00e6mis, \u00ed r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tisd\u00f3mst\u00f3lum \u00fear sem eing\u00f6ngu er nota\u00f0 ta\u00edlenskt tungum\u00e1l, er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nefna Dr sem karlmannsheiti. Notkun Doc (\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c) e\u00f0a Dr (\u0e14\u0e23.) g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 fengin \u00far ensku. \u00c1 Sr\u00ed Lanka er n\u00fdja nafni\u00f0 l\u00e6knir \u201eDr.\u201c nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 nefna doktorsnema og l\u00e6kna, svo sem l\u00e6kna, tannl\u00e6kna og d\u00fdral\u00e6kna. \u00cd september 2025 var \u00feessu opinberlega banna\u00f0 af Heilbrig\u00f0iseftirlitinu, en \u00fea\u00f0 var afturkalla\u00f0 til n\u00e6sta dags. \u00c1 Indlandi eru l\u00e6knar l\u00f6glega kalla\u00f0ir l\u00e6knar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Innlegg Notkun um allan heim Notkun l\u00e6kna \u00ed Bretlandi og hugsanlega \u00e1 menningartengdum sv\u00e6\u00f0um Notkun fr\u00e1 v\u00edsindam\u00f6nnum \u00ed Bretlandi og hugsanlega menningarlega tengdum st\u00f6\u00f0um Notkun um allan heim Sj\u00f3nt\u00e6kjafr\u00e6\u00f0ingar eru einnig me\u00f0 doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u e\u00f0a doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u \u00ed sj\u00f3nfr\u00e6\u00f0i (\u00ed Bretlandi er doktorsgr\u00e1\u00f0u vottun fyrir vi\u00f0urkennda sj\u00f3nt\u00e6kjafr\u00e6\u00f0inga me\u00f0 reynslu \u00ed starfi). En ekki, Debrett's heldur \u00e1fram a\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":120,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91576"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/120"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91577,"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91576\/revisions\/91577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquadesa.globalb.co\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}